Carburetor



Patented July .14, 193i outl er) YSTA PATENT OFFICE FREDERICK O BALL'ANI THOMAS M. BALL; or LE'morr, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNORS T0 BALL AND BALL cARBunE'roR COMPANY,OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A PARTNER- SHIP comrosnn or FREDERICK 0. B LL AND COBNELIA M. BALL, BOTH or DETROIT, MICHIGAN cAnBunE'ron Application filed March 30, 1928. Serial No. 265,920.

It is desirable to provide carburetors with what has been termed pick-up devices which augment momentarily the feed of the gasoline as the throttle is opened. It is also desirable to provide such devices with what has been termed step-up devices which 'will increase the volume of gasoline when the throttleis in wide open position. The present invention is directed to improvements in these features and provides a device of this type of great flexibility, simplicity and adjustability. It is also de signed to improve the functioning of the carburetor on the line 11 in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 a section on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 a section of a part of the pick-up mechanism showing a modified structure.

Fig. 4 asimilar view showing a second alternative construction.

1 marks the body of the carburetor, 2 the -mixingchamber, 3 the discharge, 4: the usual Venturi throat, and 5 the throttle in the path of the mixing chamber. Ain inlet passage 6.. has a choke valve 7, the choke ivalve being mounted on a valve-rod 8. A

nozzle 9 extends into the Venturi tube and from a nozzle fitting 10 which is screwed into a sleeve 11. plug 12 is screwed into the bottom of the sleeve and. has an axial passage 13 extending to a radial passage 14,

the radial passage communicating with an annular passage 15. A tube 16 extends up fronrthe passage 13 and terminates in a nozzle 16. A passage 17 extends from the annular passage 15 to a pump chamber 18. A pump plunger 19 is arranged in the pump chamber. This has passages 20 through it. The upper part of the chamber opens into an extension 21 of the float chamber 22, the float chamber being of common construc: tion comprising a float 23'- operating upon an inlet valve 21 arranged above the float. The pump plunger is provided with a headon this pin, the valve being of sufficient size to close the openings 20 on a downward thrust of the plunger. A stem 27 extends upwardlyv from the plunger and extends through the end'of an arm 28 and is provided with a head 29 at its upper end. The mm 2.8 is fixed on a shaft 30 carrying the throttle 5 so that with an operation of the throttle by any convenient means the arm 28 is operated and consequently retracted from the head 29. Aspring 31 is arranged in the chamber abovethe plunger 19 and ed pin 25 and a valve plate 26 is mounted-- when the arm 28 releases the head 29 incident to the opening of the throttle the spring forces the plunger downwardly, thus exerting pressure on the fuel below it and increasing the flow of'fuel through the passage 17, by the tube 16a and through the nozzle 16. 1

This operation of the plunger provides a pick-up means which has a following up action which is more or less rapid depending upon the relative strength of the spring 31 and the restriction of the orifice 16. The pick-up flow, therefore, continues until the plunger has reached a point to bring the point 29 into contact with the arm28. The pick-up action, therefore, takes place with any opening of the throttle and there is a continued pick-up with a movement of the throttle from a partially open position to a more open position.

It is desirable to vary the force of the pick-up andxto have this adjustable as to the amount of pick-up and the time of retardation. This is accomplished by forming a bypass 32 which leads from any de sired point in the pump chamber back to the float chamber. The area of this bypass may be adjusted by a valve 33 arranged at a convenient point. The bypass, therefore, af-' fords a means of adjustment which may be conveniently operated and does, in effect, what, changing the strength of the spring, or varying the size of the orifice 16 might do in-this respect. The bypass, however,.has value further in adding a possible adjust-' ment in relation to its height above the bottom of the pump chamber, that is to say, if

the bypass is higher up the amount of pickup and retardation is modified by the bypass. After the plunger reaches and closes the bypass, however, the bypass hasno effect and from this on the pick-up both in quality and time of retardation 'is' affected by the comparative strength of the spring and the size of the orifice 16.

It is desirable to augment the pick-up mechanism at the extreme opening for high speeds'and this is accomplished in the present structure by providing an opening 34 which leads to a passage 35 between the tube 160 and the nozzle fitting 10. This is pro? vided' with a restriction 36 and enters the bottom of the pump chamber through a valve passage 37 which is controlled by a valve 38 normally closed'by a spring 39 of suflicient strength to maintain the valve in closed position during the downward operation of the plunger to the point where the plunger contacts an extension 40 on the valve. At this point the pin 25 engaging the-extension 40 opens the yalve and this permits of an added flow of fuel through the openings 20, passage 17 and through the passage 34, the flow of fuel at this position of the plunger being controlled by the restrictions 16 and 36 respectively.

The fuel is also preferably fed to the carburetor under all normal running conditions through a passage 41 which leads from a space 42 outside of the nozzle fitting 10. The passage 35 communicates with the passage 42 through a series of openings 43. The

.passage 41 communicates through a restriction 44 with the extension on the float chamber so that in the normal operation of the carburetor fuel is delivered to the nozzle '41 and delivers fuel through a. passage 47 flow of idling fuel is madeifaster.

valve controls the amount of mixture which to the suction passage above the throttle. Anfopening 46a leads to an annular chamber 4656 surrounding the tube 46 and the tube has a radial opening 460 connecting it ,with the chamber and thus to the outer air above the gas level An adjusting needle valve 47w operates in connection with the passage 47. A spring 471) yieldingly locks the valve in adjustment. Air is admltted at 48 and passes through an opening-49 and asses in through the opening 47 with the 1dling fuel. By adjusting the needle valve inwardly the ow of idling fuel is -made slower and by adjusting it outwardly the This goes in above the throttle valve; The lower to the edge of the throttle blade so that when the throttle is clwed to idling position the orifice 48 opens partly to the mixing chamber and as the throttleis opened and suction increases on the orifice 48 until finally the suction above the throttle valve is felt both on the orifices 47 and 48. The annulus at 49 is a convenient means for changing the effectiveness of the orifice 48 as it is obvious that when the orifice 48 is of a fixed size and it is desired to change the passage between the orifice 48 and ML.

fice 47 this may be done by changing the size of the end of the tube in the passage 49 and in as much as the upper part of the carburetor body is separable from the lower part of the body the changing of the tube 46 so as to make this adjustment is a comparatively simple one.

In the general operation of the carburetor, as before stated, fuel flows normally through the passages 17 and41 and is controlled by the restrictions 44 and 16. .Upon an opening of the throttle the pump plunger operates and augments the flow through the passage 17 and nozzle 16. This manner of pick-up with a solid jet nozzle as at'16 is of value in that the force of the sufficient to elevate the discharge uel and thus actually carry it into the manifold, or at least assist its movement to the manifold. With the larger type of carburetors now used this is of importance in that the flow of air at very slow speed and. wide open throttle is of such slight velocity that it will not elevate under all conditions the pick-up shot of fuel.

The pick-up is retarded following the opening of the throttle, the retardation being influenced by the variation of spring pressure and restriction at the jet 16. This 1s, or may be modified, by the bypass 32 as described and the pick-up may also be modified by the position of the entrance of the by ass 32 to the pump chamber. With a f opening of the throttle the valve 38 is opened and another source of supply is given to the carburetor through the passage 34, the control here being through the restriction 36.

While we have shown and preferred the spring 31 as a means for forcing the plunger in response to throttle actions, it will be understood that any yielding means may be emplo ed for this purpose, as the weight of the piimger itself may be used and we do not wish to be limited, therefore, to the specific means, as the spring 31, for this purpose;

It is desirable to have a double meansof delivery 41 and 17 in that to get the retardation which isdesired'to the pick-up mechanism a nozzle which would deliver the entire su ply would be too large to give the" retar ation desired, ,By divlding this ump is ISO and providing'a flow through the passage 41 the restriction at 16-may be made to give any retardation desired by varying the restriction 42. Providing a secondary passage 17 for the pick-up flow makes it'possible to place the pump in any position that may be convenient in the construction and while it is shown here as in the same plane as the float and the center of the float chamber structural factors may make it desirable to place this to one side, or the other, and where this is done the force of turns operating centripetally' on. the fuel disturbs the flow. With ,the small amount 36 and instead of delivering below the nozzle fitting 10 is carried by a passage 50 to the passage 17 and the step-up fuel is, therefore, delivered through the nozzle 16. In this arrangementit is desirable to enlarge the nozzle 16 and restrict the flow slightly through the passage 17 between the pump.

chamber and the branch 50.

In Fig. 4 this added step-up fuel coming through the valve 38 is delivered through.

the passage 51 to the passage 41. These variations are shown in the structures of the delivery of the added pick-up fuel through the valve 38, either directly to the passage 16a, or to the passage '17, or the,pas sage 41, lie in the fact that the mixture ratio characteristics can be varied in this way. If the added step-up fuel through the valve 38 enters the annulus 42 by way of the passages 51 and 41, asshown in Fig. 4, its effeetis greater at low suction than at high suction owing to the air bleed 45. If added step-up fuel entering by way of the valve 38 is delivered through thefuel nozzle 16 by way of the passages and 17, as shown in Fig. 3, the "enrichment is less at low suction than at high. If this added fuel by way of the valve 38 is-delivered by the passa e 34 to the annular passage 35, as shown in Flg. .1, the effect at low andhigh suction is a means between that accomplished in the structures of Figs. 4 and 3.

Vhat we claim as new is 1. In a carburetor, the combination of' a suction passage; a normal fuel delivery passa e leading to the suction passage; a manua ly operable throttle, a barrel in the norf mal fuel delivery passage; a plun er'in the barrel-by-which .the normal'supp y of fuel flows; a check valve on the plunger closed with a movement of the plunger in the direction of the flow of fuel to the suction passage; and means directly responding to throttlemovenlerfts actuating the plunger in a forcmg direction as the throttle opens.

2. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction assage; a normal'fuel delivery passage lea ng to the suction passage; a man-- ually operable throttle; a barrel in the normal fuel delivery passage; a plunger in the barrel by which the normal supply of fu? flows; a check valve on the plunger close with a movement of the. plunger in the direction lof 'the flow of fuel to the suction passage; and means directly responding to throttle movements actuating the plunger "in a forcing diflection as the throttle opens, said means comprlslng a direct connection with the plunger as the throttle is closed to Y suction passage; a normal fuel delivery pas sage leading to the suction passage; a man- -return the plunger, and a spring actuating ually operablethrottle; a barrel in the normal fuel delivery passage; a plunger in the barrel by which the normal supply of fuel flows; at check valve on the plun er closed with a movement of the plunger 1n the di- "rection of the flow of fuel to the suction passage; means directly responding to throttle movements actuating the plunger in a forcing direction as the throttle opens;

and means acting with the plunger increasing the fuel delivery capacity as the plunger advances. p M

4. In a carburetor, the comblnatlon of a 1 suction passage; a normal fuel delivery pas,-

sage leading to the suction passage; a manually operable throttle; a barrel in the normal fuel delivery passage; a plunger in the barrel by which the normal supply of fuel flows; a check valve on the plunger closed with a movement of the plunger in the direc.-

tion of the flow of fuel to the suction pas-- sage; means directly responding to throttle movements actuating the plunger, said means comprising a direct connection with the plunger as the throttle is closed to return the plunger, and a spring actuating the plunger as the throttle is opened; and 'means acting with the plunger increasing the fuel delivery capacity as the throttle advances.

5. In a carburetor, thev combination of a suction passage; a normal fuel delivery passage leading to the suction assage; a throttle'; a barrel in the normal uel delivery passage;.a plunger in the barrel by which the normal supply of fuel flows; a check valve on the plunger closedwith a movement of the plunger in the direction of the flow of fuel to the suction passage; means responding tothrottle movements actuating the plunger in a forcing direction as the throttle opens; and a bypass around the plunger modifying the discharge of fuel through the action of the plunger. I V

6. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; a normal fuel delivery passage leading to the, suction; passage; a throttle; a -barrel in the normal fuel delivery passage; a plunger in the bare.

rel by which the normal supply of fuel flows; a check valve on the plunger closed withlaimovement of the plunger in the direction of the fiow of fuel to the suctionpassage; means res onding to throttle movements' actuating t e plunger, said means comprising a direct connection with the plunger as the throttle is closed to return the plunger, and a spring actuating the plunger action of the plunger; and a valve 1n the.

flow of fuel to the suction passage; means responding to throttle movements actuating the plunger in a forcing direction as the throttle opens; a bypass around the plunger modifying the discharge of fuel through the bypass. ,7

- 8. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; a normal fuel delivery passage leading to the-suction passage; a throttle; a barrel in the normal fuel delivery passage; a plunger in the barrel by which the normal supplyoof fuel flows; a check valve on the plun er closed with a movement of the plunger 1n the direction of -the flow of fuel tothe 3 suction passage;

means responding to throttle movements \ctuating the plunger in a forcing direction AS the throttle opens; and a bypass around the plunger modifyin the discharge of fuel through the action 0 the plunger, said bypass being covered by the plunger in a part of its stroke."- a

9. In a carburetor, the combination .of a suction passage; two normal fuel delivery passages leading to the suction passage; a throttle; a barrel in'one of the normal fuel delivery passages; aplunger in the barrel by which a normal supply of fuel flows; a

.check valve on the plunger closed with a movement of the plunger in the direction of the flow of fu l to the suction passage; and

means respon ing to throttle movements actuating the plunger in a forcingdirection as the throttle opens.- s

" 10. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; two normal fuel delivery V passages leading to the suction passage, each havin a restriction; a throttle; a barrel in one o the normal fuel delivery passages; a

plunger in the barrel'by whicha .normal supply of fuel flows; a check valve on the suction passage; two normal fuel delivery passages leading to the suction passage; a throttle; a barrel in one ofthe normal fuel delivery passages; a plunger in the barrel by which a normal supply of fuel flows; a

check valve on the plunger closed with a movement of the plunger in the direction of the flow of fuel to the suction passage; means responding to throttle movements actuating the plunger in a forcing direction as the "throttle opens; a third fuel delivery passage; a valve controlling said third passage; and means on the valve in the path of the plunger opening said'passage at a pre-determined point in the travel of the plunger. V

12. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; two normal fuel delivery passages leading to the suction passage, the first of said fuel passages terminating in a nozzle discharging in lme with the suction passage,'the nozzle forming a restriction; a

throttle; a barrel in the first of said normal fuel delivery passages; a plunger in the barrel by which a normal fuel supply flows; a

check valve on the plunger closed with a movement of the plunger in the direction of the flow of fuel to the suctionpassage; and

means responding to throttle movements actuating the plunger in a forcing direction as the throttle opens.

13. In a carburetor, the combination of a suction passage; two normal fuel delivery passages leadln to the suction passage; a manually opera le throttle; a barrel in one of the normal fuel .delive plun er in the barrel by w ic -'a normal supp y offuel flows; a'check valve on the plunger closed with a movement cf the plunger the direction ofthe flowi'ofj fuel to the suction passage; and means" directly responding to throttle movements. actuating the plunger, said means comprising a direct izo connection with theplunge'r as the throttle assages; a I

is closed to return the plunger and a spring 1 actuating the plunger as the throttle is opened. a '5 In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands.

' FREDERICK BALL'.

THOMAS M. BALL. 

